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The is a yakuza syndicate based in Tokyo with a predominantly Korean Japanese membership. Originally named the , with its historic leader Hisayuki Machii, the Toa-kai was deeply involved in the history of Tokyo's South Korean community and Japan's anti-communist circles in the 20th century. It is the fifth largest Yakuza clan. ==History== The group was formed by Hisayuki Machii, a Korean Japanese mob boss,〔("Overview of a 'heretic' of post-war history" ), April 2009, ''The Facta Magazine'' 〕 as the Tosei-kai in 1948.〔 The Tosei-kai was originally a reported far-right organization of anti-communist activism〔 led by Machii as a sympathizer of Kanji Ishiwara,〔("Review : The Man Called the Wild Bull : 'Tosei-kai' Hisayuki Machii's Post-war History" ), March 2009, Shin'ichi Sano, ''Shinchosha'' 〕 which was in conflict with the North Korea-associated General Association of Korean Residents in Japan.〔 The Tosei-kai quickly became one of Tokyo's most powerful gangs,〔 and had significantly expanded during the time of the post-war economic growth. Membership reached 1,500 in the 1960s.〔 As the leader of the syndicate, Machii became an essential "fixer" between Japan and South Korea.〔("Hisayuki Machii - Top 10 Real-Life Mob Bosses" ), 20 January 2011, ''TIME''〕 Increasing police crackdowns by 1965 forced Machii to disband the Tosei-kai and establish a new gang, the , or "East Asia Friendship Enterprise Association". He also formed a "legitimate" company called the , or East Asia Enterprises Company, with the famous Yoshio Kodama as Chairman of the Board.〔''Yakuza: Japan's criminal underworld'', p.229, 2003, David E. Kaplan and Alec Dubro, ISBN 0-520-21562-1〕 Afterwards, the Toa Yuai Jigyo Kumiai changed the name as and Toa-kai. The founder Machii retired in the 1980s,〔 and died of heart failure on September 14, 2002 in Tokyo. Also known as a successful businessman, he was 79.〔("Mr. Hisayuki Machii passes away" ), 21 September 2002, ''47 News, Kyodo'' 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Toa-kai」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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